The latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hispolii in 12 ppm concentration (12 mg/l) caused 100% mortality for a Biomphalaria tenagophila population in a lotic habitat after 9 hr of dripfeed application. For sentinel snails, in cages placed at the water surface and buried under 0.10 m, the mortality rates varied with the distance from the application point and were: 100% (0 m); 92.6% (50 m) and 94.7% (100). No lethal effects were observed for the other living species in this habitat (Pomacea haustrum and Poecilia reticulata).

Aqueous solutions of the molluscicidal latex of Euphorbia splendens are irritant to the rabbit eye in concentrations higher than 0.35% and to the rabbit skin in concentrations higher than 0.5%. Although this irritant potential does not proclude its use as a molluscicide, special precautions are recommended for hanbdling and application of the product and the hazard of skin tumor-promoting potencial should be carefully investigated before its use for schistosomiasis vector control.

O presente trabalho foi realizado com dados obtidos de uma população de Biomphalaria tenagophila em uma horta de agrião na região do Alto da Boa Vista, foco isolado de esquistossomose na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram feitas observações sobre mudanças sazonais na densidade e estrutura etária da população de B. tenagophila e taxas de infecção desses caramujos pelo Schistosoma mansoni durante um periodo de 15 meses. A população de caramujo mostrou variação sazonal com diminuição do número de animais no ínicio da estação chuvosa, sendo constituída no final desta estação principalmente de adultos (92,8% maio 85 - 82,9% abril 86). A população apresentou uma curva de crescimento logística de configuração sigmoide. A eliminação de cercárias de S. mansoni ocorreu durante curto tempo (março, abral e maio de 85 e abril de 86).A liberação de cercárias de S. mansoni e de ave parece depender da temperatura ambiental que chegou a uma amplitude diária de até 13ºC.

The present study was performed using data from a Biomphalaria tenagophila population located in a water cress garden in the Alto da Boa Vista region representing an isolated focal point of schistosomiasis in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The density and age structure of this B. tenagophila population and its rate of intection by Schistosoma mansoni were studied for a period of 15 months. The snail population showed seasonal variation in density, with a decrease in number of individual at the begining of the rainy season. At the end of this season, the population consisted mainly of adults (92.8% in May 1985 and 82.8% in April 1986). The population growth curve was logistic and of sigmoidal configuration. Shiscotoma mansoni cercariae were eliminated over a short period of time (March, April and May 1986). The release of cercariae of S. mansoni and of birds seems to depend on environmental temperature, which during certain months would show a daily variation of up to 13ºC, with the lower thermal limit approaching the limit value for sporocyte development.

The crossbreeding activities of the Schistosoma mansoni vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata were counted in a laboratory aquarium throughout the year under two regimes of 12h light: 12h dark from 7 A., M. to 10 P. M. Mating increased significantly in Authmn and Winter and just missed a significant inverse correlation with temperature and a direct one with locomotion. Other similar experiments were carried out to compare mating under various ilumination conditions in complete daily cycle measurements. Mating counts decreased under the regimes which submited snail to a total exposure of 12h light and 12 dark during a daily cycle in the following sequence: 12h light: 12h dark alternating hourly with light gradient, 12h light: 12h dark, 1h light: 1h dark and 12h dark: 12h light. Under two constant illuminations, the mating scored less than under the previous conditions, except under 12h light. Under darkeness the mating count was lower than light conditions. There was no way to differentiate the night and day rhythms of mating on different days in each regime, except for mating under 12h light: 12 dark alternating with light gradient, constant dark and 12h dark: 12h light conditions. Mating increased in certain light and temperature conditions, in wich the intensities, should have an optimum value.

Investigamos a possibilidade de Biomphalaria glabrata deslocar-se para regiões profundas, em três colunas de diferentes profundidades (1,10 m, 8,40 m e 10,40 m). Na coluna de 1,10 m evidenciamos que os deslocamentos podem ser de duas maneiras: 1) Quando o pé está em contato com o substrato: (i) deslizar para baixo; (ii) deslizar para cima; (iii) arrastar para baixo; (iiii) arrastar para cima. 2) Quando o pé não está em contato com o substrato: (i) descida súbida sem saída de bolhas de ar; (ii) descida súbida com saída de bolhas de ar; (iii) subida súbita. Na coluna de 8,40 m em que havia alimento no fundo (grupo experimental) observamos que os caramujos permaneceram maior tempo nesta profundidade em relação ao grupo que não recebeu alimento (grupo de controle). Verificamos que o comportamento de deslizar é característico dos deslocamentos em torno de 0 a 1 m, tanto para subir como para descer. O comportamento de arrastar foi típico de subida dos caramujos que atingiram níveis mais profundos. Quando os caramujos arrastavam-se a concha ficava pendente como se estivesse mais pesada, o que pode estar relacionado à entrada de água na câmara pulmonar. Na coluna de 10,40m verificamos que os caramujos deslizavam para baixo até 4 m ou apresentavam descidas súbitas até o fundo. As subidas se davam pelo padrão comportamental denominado arrastar, do fundo até a superfície. Nas colunas de 8,40 e 10,40m verificamos cópula, alimentação e desova nos níveis mais profundos.

Using three columns of different depths (1.10m, 8.40m and 10.40m), we investigated the possibility of Biomphalaria glabrata moving towards deep regions. In the 1.10m column, we noted that locomotion can occur in two manners: 1) when the foot is in contact with the substrate: a) sliding descent; b) sliding ascent; c) creeping descent; d) creeping ascent, 2) when the foot is not in contact with the substrate: a) sudden descent without emission of air bules; b) sudden descent with emission of air bules; c) sudden ascent. In the 8.40m column containing food on the bottom (experimental group), the snails remained longer at this depth when compared to those of the group which received no food (control). The sliding behavior was characteristic of locomotion occurring at 0 to 1m both in upward and downward directions. Creeping behavior was typical for the ascent of the snails that reached deeper levels. When the snails were creeping, the shell remained hanging as if it were heavier, a fact that may have been due to water entering the pulmonary chamber. In the 10.40m column, the snails slid downward to a depth of 4m or descended suddenly all the way to the bottom. Ascent occurred by creeping from the bottom to the surface. In the 8.40m and 10.40m columns, copulation, feeding and oviposition occurred at the deepest levels.

Com finalidade de conhecer melhor o processod e orientação pela luz do caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata foi utilizada a técnica de situação de escolha num labirinto en Y sob esquemas de iluminação vertical ou horizontal. Foram tomadas como medidas de comportamento a distância percorrida (cm) por hora, a direção da locomoção e a localização do animal no labirinto. Procurou-se comparar a ação do estímulo sobre animais jovens e adultos provenientes de populações albina de Santa Luzia (MG) e melânica de Touros (RN), estudados em grupo e isolados. Os resultados mostraram um efeito atrativo da luz sobre todos os grupos estudados. A análise dos dados sugere a existência de dois mecanismos de orientação em relação à luz neste animal como alta foto-ortotaxia e fototaxia positiva, os quais devem influenciar seus deslocamentos no meio. Tais evidências permitem discutir aspectos da dinâmica da distribuição desse molusco no ambiente e de seu relacionamento com as fases larvais do Schistosoma mansoni, do qual é hospedeiro intermediário.

The process of light orientation by the snail Biomphalaria glabrata was studied using the selection technique in a Y-shaped aquarium under vertical or horizontal lighting schemes. Snail behavior was measured on the basis of distance (cm) covered per hour, direction of locomotion, and localization of the animal in the aquarium. A comparison was made of the action of the light stimulus on young and adult animals of albino populations from Santa Luzia (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and of a melanic population from Touros (State of Rio Grande do Norte) studied in groups and separately. All groups studied were attracted to light. Analysis of the data suggests the exitence of two orientation mechanisms with respect to light in these animals, i.e. high photo-orthokinesia and positive phototaxis, which influence their motion in the environment. This evidence permitted us to discuss features of the distribution dynamics of these mollusks in the environment and their relationship with the larval phases of Schistosoma mansoni, for which they act as intermediated hosts.